What Is Tooth Sensitivity?
Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentin hypersensitivity, occurs when the enamel or gum tissue wears away, exposing the dentin layer underneath. This allows external stimuli—such as cold, heat, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks—to reach the nerve, causing discomfort or pain.
While mild sensitivity is common, persistent discomfort may indicate an underlying dental issue that requires attention.
Causes of Tooth Sensitivity
1. Cavities and Tooth Decay
- Bacteria in plaque break down sugars, producing acid that weakens enamel and exposes the dentin.
- Treatment: Small cavities can be treated with fillings, while advanced decay may require a root canal.
2. Enamel Erosion from Brushing Habits
- Brushing too aggressively or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can wear away enamel, especially at the gum line.
- Prevention: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and brush in gentle, circular motions.
3. Gum Disease (Gingivitis & Periodontitis)
- Inflamed or receding gums expose the tooth root, increasing sensitivity.
- Prevention: Regular dental checkups, flossing, and deep cleanings can prevent gum disease.
4. Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)
- Nighttime grinding can erode enamel and cause dentin exposure.
- Treatment: A custom nightguard can help protect the teeth.
5. Cracked or Damaged Teeth
- Fractured teeth can expose the nerve, causing sudden pain.
- Treatment: Bonding, crowns, or root canal therapy may be needed.
6. Diet and Lifestyle Habits
- Frequent consumption of acidic foods and drinks can erode enamel over time.
- Prevention: Rinse with water after consuming acidic foods and avoid biting hard objects.
Treatment & Prevention
- Use fluoride toothpaste – Strengthens enamel and reduces sensitivity.
- Avoid acidic foods and beverages – These weaken enamel over time.
- Wear a nightguard – Protects teeth from grinding damage.
- Practice proper brushing techniques – Use a soft toothbrush and avoid excessive pressure.
- Schedule regular dental checkups – Professional cleanings prevent gum disease and decay.
Final Thoughts
Tooth sensitivity is common but manageable. By identifying the cause, maintaining good oral hygiene, and seeking professional care, you can protect your teeth from further damage and reduce discomfort. If symptoms persist, a dental checkup is recommended to prevent long-term issues.