What Is Diverticulitis?
Diverticulitis occurs when small pouches (diverticula) in the colon wall become inflamed or infected. While diverticula themselves do not cause symptoms, an infection can lead to pain, fever, and digestive issues.
Early detection and treatment can prevent complications such as abscess formation, bowel obstruction, or colon perforation.
Common Symptoms of Diverticulitis
Diverticulitis symptoms can vary in severity, with the most common being:
✔ Fever and chills – The body’s response to infection.
✔ Abdominal pain – Typically in the lower left abdomen, but it can occur elsewhere.
✔ Constipation or diarrhea – Changes in bowel habits due to inflammation.
✔ Nausea and vomiting – Caused by digestive disturbances.
✔ Bloating and discomfort – A result of gas buildup and inflammation.
✔ Rectal bleeding (blood in stool) – A sign of irritated or ruptured diverticula.
Since these symptoms overlap with other gastrointestinal conditions, a medical diagnosis is crucial.
Causes of Diverticulitis
While the exact cause of diverticulitis is unclear, several risk factors contribute to its development:
1. Low-Fiber Diet
A diet low in fiber leads to hard stools, requiring excessive straining. This increases pressure inside the colon, pushing the colon lining outward and forming diverticula.
2. Chronic Constipation
Frequent straining increases pressure in the colon, leading to diverticula formation. Hard stools can also trap bacteria, triggering inflammation.
3. Aging & Weak Colon Walls
The risk increases with age, particularly after 50. As the colon wall weakens over time, diverticula are more likely to form.
4. Obesity & Sedentary Lifestyle
Excess body weight places additional pressure on the intestines, while a lack of exercise slows digestion and increases constipation risk.
5. Smoking & Alcohol Consumption
Tobacco and alcohol may increase inflammation in the colon, raising the risk of diverticulitis.
Treatment Options for Diverticulitis
1. Mild Cases (Outpatient Treatment)
For mild diverticulitis, treatment usually involves:
✔ Antibiotics – To treat the infection.
✔ Dietary changes – A liquid or low-fiber diet during flare-ups, followed by a gradual return to fiber-rich foods.
✔ Pain management – Acetaminophen for pain relief (avoid NSAIDs like ibuprofen).
✔ Resting the colon – Temporary fasting or a liquid diet to reduce inflammation.
2. Severe Cases (Hospitalization & Surgery)
If complications such as abscesses, bowel obstruction, or perforation occur, hospitalization may be necessary.
✔ IV antibiotics & fluids – To treat infection and prevent dehydration.
✔ Surgical intervention – If severe inflammation, bowel perforation, or recurrent infections occur, a portion of the colon may need to be removed.
Best Foods for Diverticulitis Prevention
High-Fiber Foods (For Prevention & Recovery)
- Whole grains (oatmeal, brown rice, whole wheat bread)
- Fruits (apples, pears, bananas, berries)
- Vegetables (carrots, spinach, broccoli)
- Legumes (lentils, beans, chickpeas)
Foods to Avoid During a Flare-Up
🚫 Spicy and greasy foods
🚫 Red meat and processed foods
🚫 Alcohol and caffeine
When to Seek Medical Attention
✔ Severe abdominal pain that does not improve
✔ Persistent fever and chills
✔ Blood in the stool or black, tarry stools
✔ Inability to pass stool or gas
Final Thoughts
Diverticulitis is a manageable condition, but early detection and proper dietary habits can prevent complications. A high-fiber diet, hydration, and regular physical activity can help maintain a healthy digestive system and reduce flare-ups.
If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a gastroenterologist for a thorough evaluation and treatment plan.